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原创BY：Becky and Clare（转载请注明出处）
Scholz Ups Global Hydrogen Ambitions, Dwarfs EU Initiative
德国总理奥拉夫·朔尔茨推出全球氢能计划，令欧盟计划相形见绌
Speaking in Egypt, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz announced extra funding for the government’s global hydrogen funding instrument, H2Global, to facilitate the global market ramp-up.
德国总理奥拉夫·朔尔茨在埃及召开的COP27期间发表讲话，为政府全球氢能融资工具H2Global提供特别资助，促进全球氢能市场增长。
Hydrogen, currently produced almost entirely by burning fossil fuels and somewhat damaging to the climate, does not emit CO2 when burned. If made using renewable sources, it can be considered “green.” The odourless and invisible gas has become a beacon of hope for economies hoping to decarbonise.
目前通过化石生产的氢对气候有一定的破怀性。氢气在燃烧时不排放CO2。利用可再生能源生产的绿氢，是德国脱碳经济体的希望。
“Green hydrogen is the key to decarbonising our economies, especially for hard-to-electrify sectors such as steel production, the chemical industry, heavy shipping and aviation,” explained Scholz during a roundtable titled “Investing in the Future of Energy: Green Hydrogen” at COP27 on Tuesday (8 November).
朔尔茨在COP27召开的题为“投资未来能源：绿氢”的圆桌会议上表示，对钢铁生产、化工、重型航运和航空等难以电气化的行业来说，绿氢是德国经济脱碳的关键。
About 75 million tonnes of fossil-based hydrogen are already produced annually and usually used locally. Yet, Scholz said, “green hydrogen is not some distant future fantasy.”
To speed up the way there, Germany has rallied the wealthiest industrial nations.
全球每年已生产约7500万吨化石氢，且通常在当地使用。朔尔茨表示，绿氢并不是遥远未来的幻想。
“During our current [German] G7 presidency, we agreed on a hydrogen action pact to accelerate the market ramp-up of low carbon and renewable hydrogen and derivatives,” Scholz highlighted.
朔尔茨强调，为加速该过程，德国召集了全球最富有的工业国。在德国轮值G7主席国期间，G7就氢能行动协议达成一致，加速低碳和可再生氢及衍生物市场增长。
The G7 hydrogen action plan is considered controversial for its recognition of low-carbon hydrogen, an alternative term for “blue” hydrogen, where the rising CO2 emissions are captured and stored.
G7氢能行动计划因其对低碳氢的认证存有争议。低碳氢是蓝氢的另一种说法，蓝氢对二氧化碳进行了捕获和储存。蓝氢对气候的危害可能和燃烧用来生产蓝氢的气体一样有害。
Germany’s steel makers and chemical industry, like world leader BASF, are hungry for hydrogen.
德国钢铁生产商和化工行业，如世界领先企业巴斯夫，都渴望发展氢能。
“We are adapting our plans for domestic production of green hydrogen from five gigawatts to ten gigawatts of electrolyser capacity by 2030,” Scholz noted. “This will only meet one-third of the expected demand. The majority needs to come from abroad.”
朔尔茨指出，德国正调整国内绿氢生产计划，到2030年将电解槽容量从5GW提升至10GW。且这只能满足德国预期需求的1/3，德国仍需进口大部分的氢。
Scholz pointed out the chicken and egg dilemma the foundation wants to tackle.
朔尔茨指出基金会想要解决先有鸡还是先有蛋的困境。
Making a global market
打造全球市场
“Green hydrogen producers are ready to invest massively, but they require long-term off-take agreements and steel factories or chemical plants as potential consumers must be sure they will receive sufficient and competitive supplies before they invest,” he explained.
绿氢生产商已准备进行大规模投资，但需要钢铁厂或是化工厂的长期承购协议。潜在消费者必须确保在投资前能获得足够且具有竞争力的氢能供应。
The instrument of choice in Berlin is the government-funded foundation H2Global, led by Kirsten Westphal. It was founded in May 2021, backed by €900 million of government money.
德国首选的工具是由Kirsten Westphal（德国科学和政治基金会全球问题研究组高级研究员）主导、德国政府资助的基金会H2Global。H2Global成立于2021年5月，由德国政府提供9亿欧元的资金支持。
At last year’s COP26 in Scotland, the foundation announced its instrument: Hintco. Before reselling it to the highest bidder, they guarantee ten-year purchasing contracts for hydrogen, a so-called double-auction model.
2021年在苏格兰举行的COP26期间，H2Global公布了它们的工具：Hintco。在转售给出价最高的竞标者之前，基金会保证10年的氢气采购合同，这就是所谓的双重拍卖模式。
Government money steps in to cover the difference between the costly production and the lower price buyers are willing to pay. And Scholz is looking to boost them further.
德国政府希望资金的介入弥补昂贵的生产成本和买家愿意支付的较低价格之间的差额。朔尔茨正寻求进一步提升支持力度。
“We plan to invest more than €4 billion [into H2Global]. The first tenders will be launched soon,” he announced. H2Global is addressed explicitly to non-EU countries.
朔尔茨表示计划向H2Global基金投资超过40亿欧元。且尽快启动第一批招标项目。H2Global明确表示面向非欧盟国家。
On the other side, the EU’s hydrogen bank, expected to arrive late next year, is smaller at €3 billion and targets EU hydrogen producers.
预计于2023年年底成立的欧盟氢能银行规模仅为30亿欧元，且只针对欧盟氢气生产商。
“The pilot phase of the Bank will start next year with a contracts-for-difference scheme under the Innovation Fund to support 100% of the cost gap compared to grey hydrogen produced in the EU,” explained EU Green Deal Chief Frans Timmermans on 25 October.
欧盟Green Deal负责人Frans Timmermans今年10月25日表示，欧盟氢能银行将于2023年开始试点项目，在创新基金下实施差异合同计划，支持欧盟生产的灰氢100%的成本差距。
The bank would work in conjunction with H2Global to support “access of European consumers to hydrogen imports; according to Jonas Helseth, hydrogen is not an energy source but an energy sink, requiring vast amounts of electricity to be produced and to assist the emergence of early hydrogen hubs in the EU,” he added.
欧盟氢能银行将和H2Global 合作，支持欧洲消费者获得进口氢。据Jonas Helseth表示，氢气不仅是一种能源，而且是一种能量库，需要大量电力制氢，协助欧盟早期氢能中心的出现。
Thus, Germany’s unilateral global hydrogen market is far heftier than the EU’s domestic tool.
因此，德国单边的全球氢能市场远比欧盟内部的工具重要得多。
Country-specific initiatives
欧盟：和不同国家之间合作计划
So far, COP27 has seen the EU commit to additional initiatives as well. On Wednesday, Commission President Ursula von der Leyen signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) establishing a strategic partnership between the EU and Namibia, which features hydrogen prominently.
在COP27会议期间，到目前为止，欧盟已承诺采取更多措施。欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩签署欧盟和纳米比亚之间的战略伙伴关系MoU，其中的亮点是氢能。
On Tuesday, she signed one with Kazakhstan and a more concrete agreement with Egypt is set to follow, which will likely include EU-Egypt hydrogen trading provisions, something Germany has long pushed for.
冯德莱恩和哈萨克斯坦签署合作协议，随后将和埃及达成更为具体的协议，其中可能包括欧盟-埃及氢能贸易条款，这是德国长期以来一直在推动的。
Scholz explained that Germany was working with Brazil, Morocco, South Africa and Tunisia to “build local capacities” around the green hydrogen value chain.
朔尔茨表示，德国正和巴西、摩洛哥、南非和突尼斯合作，围绕绿氢价值链发展当地制氢能力。
SOURCE: EURACTIV
资料来源：EURACTIV
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